Wat is autónomo?
Trabajador autónomo is the Spanish category for self-employed people: consultants, designers, tradespeople, and many remote workers billing Spanish or foreign clients. Unlike some countries’ “light” sole trader rules, Spain expects monthly Social Security and periodic tax filings once you are registered.
Belastingdienst (Agencia Tributaria)
You register your activity with modelo 036 (census declaration). The simplified version of this form was withdrawn in February 2025, so all registrations now use modelo 036. You receive a tax ID for your activity and, depending on your regime, you will file quarterly VAT (IVA) and income tax prepayments (modelo 130 or similar). Simplified schemes exist for small businesses (módulos — being phased down) and some new residents may interact with Beckham-type rules only if they qualify as employees, not autónomo — verify with a tax adviser.
Sociale zekerheid en maandbijdrage
Autónomos pay a monthly contribution (cuota) to Social Security. Recent reforms introduced income-based brackets — you declare expected income and adjust in arrears. This payment funds healthcare, pension, and benefits similar to employees.
Facturen, btw en administratie
Invoices (facturas) must meet Spanish requirements: your NIF/NIE, cliente details, IVA breakdown, and sequential numbering. Keep digital copies for at least the statutory retention period. Many people use certified software (Veri*Factu is rolling out) — your gestor can advise.
Een gestor gebruiken?
Many first-time autónomos hire a gestoría for registration, quarterly filings, and payroll if they hire employees. DIY is possible with strong Spanish and time to learn the portals (Cl@ve, certificado digital).
Want hands-on help?
If you have read this guide and want support with the next steps, our team can help — from paperwork to appointments.